Mountain sickness, also known as altitude sickness, is a condition that can occur when people quickly travel to high altitudes where air pressure is lower and the oxygen levels are reduced. This can cause various symptoms in the body as it struggles to adjust to the lower oxygen levels.
The mountain sickness or altitude sickness is catergorised into three types;
Acute Mountain Sickness is the mildest form characterized by Headache, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, fatigue, dizziness, lightheadedness, difficulty sleeping. AMS is generally mild and resolves with rest or descent to lower altitudes. Symptoms usually appear 6-10 hours after ascent to high altitude.
High Altitude Pulmonary Edema(HAPE) involves fluid buildup in the lungs characterized by Shortness of breath, especially with exertion, persistent cough (possibly with pink, frothy sputum), chest tightness, and potentially breathlessness at rest. HAPE is a life-threatening condition requiring immediate descent and medical care. HAPE is more likely to develop after 2 days of ascent to altitudes above 3,000-4,000 meters.
HACE causes brain swelling, both requiring immediate medical attention. The symptoms of HACE includes Severe headache, confusion, drowsiness, unsteadiness, inability to walk in a straight line, and in severe cases, loss of consciousness. HACE is a serious medical emergency that can be fatal without immediate treatment. HACE is typically preceded by AMS, and symptoms usually appear 1-3 days after ascent to high altitude.
